Designing an Earthship Shelter: 7 Things You Need to Know
When it comes to sustainable and self-sufficient living, the concept of Earthship shelters has gained significant popularity. These unique dwellings are designed to be environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and resistant to natural disasters. If you’re considering building or designing your own Earthship shelter, here are seven things you need to know.
1. Understanding the Earthship Concept
An Earthship is a type of passive solar house that is made from both natural and recycled materials. The primary goal of an Earthship is to minimize its environmental footprint while providing a comfortable living space. These structures utilize sustainable design principles such as solar power, rainwater harvesting, natural ventilation, and thermal mass to regulate temperature and reduce energy consumption.
2. Earthship Design Principles
Earthship shelters follow a set of design principles that ensure their efficient and sustainable operation. These principles include:
a) Thermal Mass
One of the main features of an Earthship is its use of thermal mass. Thermal mass refers to materials with the ability to absorb and store heat. In an Earthship, materials like rammed earth, adobe, and tires filled with compacted earth are used as thermal mass. These materials absorb heat during the day and slowly release it at night, helping to regulate indoor temperatures.
b) Passive Solar Design
An Earthship incorporates passive solar design to maximize natural light and heat from the sun. South-facing windows are strategically placed to harness solar energy, while overhangs and shading devices prevent overheating during the summer months. The goal is to minimize the need for artificial lighting and heating.
c) Water Harvesting
Earthships are designed to collect and store rainwater for everyday use. The roofs of these shelters are designed to channel rainwater into cisterns or storage tanks. This water is then filtered and used for drinking, cooking, and bathing. Efficient water use is promoted through low-flow fixtures and greywater systems.
d) Energy Independence
To achieve energy independence, Earthships rely on renewable energy sources. Solar panels or wind turbines are often used to generate electricity, allowing the shelter to operate off-grid. Proper insulation and airtight construction further reduce the energy needed to heat or cool the living space.
3. Site Selection and Orientation
Choosing the right site and orienting your Earthship shelter correctly are crucial for its optimal performance. Here are some important factors to consider:
Solar Access**: Ensure that the shelter’s south-facing side receives ample sunlight throughout the year. This will maximize passive solar heating and minimize the need for artificial lighting.
Wind Patterns**: Consider prevailing wind directions to position windows and ventilation systems for effective natural ventilation. This can help regulate indoor temperature and reduce the need for mechanical cooling.
Rainwater Collection**: Select a site with sufficient rainfall to ensure an adequate supply of water for daily use. Additionally, design the roof of the shelter to optimize rainwater collection.
Natural Land Features**: Work with the existing landscape to improve the energy efficiency of your Earthship. Utilize earth-berming to provide insulation and stability, and take advantage of natural shading from trees or hillsides.
4. Building Codes and Permits
Before embarking on your Earthship building project, it’s essential to research and familiarize yourself with local building codes and permit requirements. Earthships have gained acceptance in some areas, while others may have restrictions or specific regulations. Contact your local building department to determine if there are any limitations or additional steps you need to take.
5. Working with Natural and Recycled Materials
Earthships promote the use of natural and recycled materials as much as possible. Incorporating these materials not only reduces environmental impact but also lowers construction costs. Some commonly used materials in Earthship construction include:
**Tires**: Old tires filled with compacted earth or pounded earth are used to create the structural walls of an Earthship. These tires provide excellent insulation and thermal mass.
**Rammed Earth/Adobe**: Rammed earth or adobe walls are made by compressing a mixture of earth, clay, and a stabilizer like cement or lime. These walls offer high thermal mass and structural stability.
**Bottles and Cans**: Glass bottles and aluminum cans can be repurposed to create artistic and functional elements within the Earthship design. They can be used as decorative features or even as part of the structure itself.
6. Considerations for Extreme Climates
While Earthships are designed to be suitable for a wide range of climates, some adjustments may be necessary for extreme conditions. Here are a few considerations for extreme climates:
**Insulation**: In colder climates, additional insulation may be required to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures. This could include adding extra insulation to the walls or incorporating additional thermal mass.
**Snow Load**: If you live in an area with heavy snowfall, ensure your Earthship’s roof design can withstand the weight of accumulated snow. A steeper roof angle can help snow slide off more easily.
**Cooling Strategies**: In hot and arid climates, additional cooling strategies may be required. This could involve incorporating passive cooling techniques like earth tubes or utilizing shading devices and natural ventilation.
7. The Importance of Continuous Learning
Building or designing an Earthship shelter is a significant undertaking, and it’s important to recognize that it’s a continuous learning process. There are always new techniques, materials, and technologies emerging in the sustainable building field. Stay connected with the Earthship community, attend workshops, and explore online resources to expand your knowledge and stay updated on the latest developments.
My 2 Cents
Designing an Earthship shelter offers a unique and environmentally friendly approach to sustainable living. While it requires careful planning and consideration, the benefits of living in an Earthship are far-reaching. From reduced energy consumption to water independence, Earthships provide an opportunity to live harmoniously with nature while achieving self-sufficiency. Whether you’re an aspiring builder or simply interested in sustainable living, exploring the world of Earthships is an exciting journey worth embarking on.
